To Check out! Copied Directly from:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/experts/contactexperts.htm
Primer on Gasoline Sources and Markets
Where does gasoline come from?
Gasoline is made from crude oil. Refineries take crude oil and break down its hydrocarbons into different products, called ?refined products,? including gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, jet fuel, liquefied petroleum gases, and residual fuel oil. The characteristics of the gasoline depend on the type of crude oil that is used and the setup of the refinery at which it is produced. Gasoline characteristics are also impacted by other ingredients that may be blended into it, such as ethanol. The performance of the gasoline must meet industry standards and environmental regulations that may depend on location.
In 2005, United States refineries produced over 90 percent of the gasoline used in the United States. Less than 40 percent of the crude oil used by U.S. refineries was produced in the United States. About 45 percent of gasoline produced in the United States comes from refineries in the U.S. Gulf Coast (including Texas and Louisiana).
Can I tell which country or State the gasoline at my local station comes from?
For several reasons, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) cannot definitively say where gasoline at a given station originated:
EIA does not collect data on the source of the gasoline sold at retail outlets.
The name on the service station sign does not tell the whole story. The fact that you purchase gasoline from a given company does not necessarily mean that the gasoline was actually produced by that particular company's refineries. While gasoline is sold at about 169,000 retail outlets across the nation1, about one-third of these stations are ?unbranded? dealers that may sell gasoline of any brand2. The remainder of the outlets are ?branded? stations, but may not necessarily be selling gasoline produced at that company's refineries. This is because gasoline from different refineries is often combined for shipment by pipeline, and companies owning service stations in the same area may be purchasing gasoline at the same bulk terminal. In that case, the only difference between the gasoline at station X versus the gasoline at station Y may be the small amount of additives that those companies add to the gasoline before it gets to the pump.
Even if we knew at which company's refinery the gasoline was produced, the source of the crude oil used at that refinery may vary on a day-to-day basis. Most refiners use a mix of crude oils from various domestic and foreign sources. The mix of crude oils can change based on the relative cost and availability of crude oil from different sources.
Can I tell which companies purchase imported crude oil or gasoline?
While EIA cannot identify which companies are selling imported gasoline, EIA does collect data on which companies import crude oil and refined products. However, the fact that a given company imported crude oil or gasoline does not mean that those particular imports will end-up being sold to motorists as that company's brand of gasoline. The origin of the crude oil that a refinery processes is determined by market economics at a given time and may change from month-to-month or even day-to-day. Company-level import data can be found at:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu ... s/cli.html
What does it mean that oil is part of a ?global? market?
The United States and many other countries in the world consume more refined products (i.e., gasoline, diesel, heating oil, and jet fuel) than can be produced without using crude oil that is imported from other countries. At the same time, certain countries export more crude oil than they consume. When crude oil supplies from one country/source drop off, world oil demand is still met but with a different mix of crude oil supplies. When the overall supply of crude oil decreases, the world market ?tightens? and prices usually rise.
Can consumers reduce the revenues flowing to a certain country or countries by boycotting companies that have a history of importing from those countries?
Due to the global nature of the oil market, boycotts by individual consumers or even individual countries cannot reduce the oil revenues of a given oil producing country/countries. At best, consumer boycotts of a company known to import crude oil would result in a temporary reduction in the market share of that particular company. Because the overall consumer demand for products made from oil (like gasoline and diesel fuel) would be unchanged, the oil would simply be purchased by some other company.
Similar market shifts would occur if an entire country or countries refused to buy oil from a certain country/region, or were legally prevented from doing so. The boycotting countries would take additional imports from different countries, and those countries would purchase additional supplies from the boycotted country/region. Due to the nature of the world oil market, it is impossible to impact the oil revenues flowing to a given country or region with anything short of a sanctions regime, wherein all countries pledge to avoid buying from a particular country.
Do consumers impact gasoline prices?
Consumers have very little power as individuals but, if enough consumers give the same ?market signal,? they can impact prices. First, when consumers buy gasoline at service stations in their areas with the lowest price, they take market share away from higher-priced stations; these stations may then eventually reduce their prices to be more competitive. The second way consumers impact the market is by reducing gasoline consumption. If enough people reduce driving or switch to more energy-efficient vehicles, gasoline demand would decline and prices would be dampened.
1 Energy Information Administration, A Primer on Gasoline Prices, DOE/EIA-X040, September 2005.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/bookshelf/brochu ... imerM.html
2 Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Gas Prices: How Are They Really Set, Section III, page 45, May 2002.
http://www.senate.gov/~gov_affairs/042902gasreport.htm
Crude Oil and Total Petroleum Imports Top 15 Countries
December 2007 Import Highlights: March 3, 2008
Monthly data on the origins of crude oil imports in December 2007 has been released and it shows that two countries exported more than 1.50 million barrels per day to the United States. Including those countries, a total of five countries exported over 1.20 million barrels per day of crude oil to the United States (see table below). The top five exporting countries accounted for 73 percent of United States crude oil imports in December while the top ten sources accounted for approximately 88 percent of all U.S. crude oil imports. The top sources of US crude oil imports for December were Canada (1.784 million barrels per day), Saudi Arabia (1.675 million barrels per day), Venezuela (1.246 million barrels per day), Mexico (1.234 million barrels per day), and Nigeria (1.210 million barrels per day). The rest of the top ten sources, in order, were Angola (0.439 million barrels per day), Iraq (0.378 million barrels per day), Algeria (0.348 million barrels per day), Ecuador (0.195 million barrels per day), and Brazil (0.171 million barrels per day). Total crude oil imports averaged 9.823 million barrels per day in December, which is a decrease of 0.125 million barrels per day from November 2007.
Canada remained the largest exporter of total petroleum in November, exporting 2.360 million barrels per day to the United States, which is a decrease from last month (2.431 thousand barrels per day). The second largest exporter of total petroleum was Saudi Arabia with 1.686 million barrels per day.
Crude Oil Imports (Top 15 Countries)
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Country Dec-07 Nov-07 YTD 2007 Dec-06 Jan - Dec 2006
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CANADA 1,784 1,919 1,864 1,830 1,802
SAUDI ARABIA 1,675 1,530 1,453 1,471 1,423
VENEZUELA 1,246 1,227 1,150 1,045 1,142
MEXICO 1,234 1,484 1,410 1,245 1,577
NIGERIA 1,210 1,245 1,082 1,010 1,037
ANGOLA 439 408 496 610 513
IRAQ 378 508 485 419 553
ALGERIA 348 184 443 406 362
ECUADOR 195 154 198 240 272
BRAZIL 171 78 167 130 133
KUWAIT 158 154 176 163 179
AZERBAIJAN 134 77 57 68 27
LIBYA 116 66 84 46 66
COLOMBIA 113 197 137 74 141
UNITED KINGDOM 93 42 102 93 130
Total Imports of Petroleum (Top 15 Countries)
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Country Dec-07 Nov-07 YTD 2007 Dec-06 Jan - Dec 2006
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CANADA 2,360 2,431 2,426 2,461 2,353
SAUDI ARABIA 1,686 1,620 1,489 1,491 1,463
VENEZUELA 1,387 1,381 1,362 1,274 1,419
MEXICO 1,322 1,581 1,533 1,366 1,705
NIGERIA 1,271 1,306 1,132 1,068 1,114
ALGERIA 600 447 670 662 657
ANGOLA 439 415 507 620 534
VIRGIN ISLANDS 387 414 346 334 328
IRAQ 378 508 485 419 553
RUSSIA 306 470 413 369 369
UNITED KINGDOM 238 210 278 199 272
ECUADOR 201 161 203 240 278
BRAZIL 178 85 202 162 193
KUWAIT 158 154 183 169 185
NETHERLANDS 157 58 127 98 174
Note: The data in the tables above exclude oil imports into the U.S. territories.
Crude Oil Production